Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography Practice Exam 2025 – The Comprehensive All-in-One Study Guide for Exam Success

Less-developed countries (LDCs) are often characterized by their ongoing struggle for economic development and improvement. These nations typically face significant challenges such as lower income levels, higher rates of poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to education and healthcare. The search for economic improvement reflects the various strategies these countries might implement to enhance their economic standing, attract foreign investment, and improve overall living conditions for their populations.

In contrast, fully industrialized nations represent a different stage of development, as they have moved beyond the challenges faced by LDCs. A stable and high standard of living is indicative of more developed countries, which enjoy better economic conditions, social services, and general quality of life. Lastly, a dominant service sector is characteristic of developed nations, where economies rely heavily on services rather than agriculture or manufacturing, which are often more prevalent in LDCs. Thus, the defining feature of LDCs is their pursuit of economic improvement in the face of various developmental challenges.